Frank Chapman Sharp included a version in a moral questionnaire given to undergraduates at the University of Wisconsin in 1905. Characteristic of this literature are colorful and increasingly absurd alternative scenarios in which the sacrificed person is instead pushed onto the tracks as a weight to stop the trolley, has his organs harvested to save transplant patients, or is killed in more indirect ways that complicate the chain of causation and responsibility.Įarlier forms of individual trolley scenarios antedated Foot's publication. Thomson's 1976 article initiated the literature on the trolley problem as a subject in its own right. Philosophers Judith Thomson, Frances Kamm, and Peter Unger have also analysed the dilemma extensively. Philippa Foot introduced this genre of decision problems in 1967 as part of an analysis of debates on abortion and the doctrine of double effect. Which is the more ethical option? Or, more simply: What is the right thing to do? Pull the lever, diverting the trolley onto the side track where it will kill one person.Do nothing, in which case the trolley will kill the five people on the main track.However, you notice that there is one person on the side track.
If you pull this lever, the trolley will switch to a different set of tracks. You are standing some distance off in the train yard, next to a lever. Ahead, on the tracks, there are five people tied up and unable to move. There is a runaway trolley barreling down the railway tracks.
The most basic version of the dilemma, known as "Bystander at the Switch" or "Switch", goes: Thus, in this subject the trolley problem refers to the meta-problem of why different judgements are arrived at in particular instances, which are called trolley cases, examples, dilemmas, or scenarios. The question of formulating a general principle that can account for the differing judgments arising in different variants of the story was raised in a 1967 philosophy paper by Philippa Foot, and dubbed "the trolley problem" by Judith Jarvis Thomson in a 1976 article that catalyzed a large literature. Opinions on the ethics of each scenario turn out to be sensitive to details of the story that may seem immaterial to the abstract dilemma. Then other variations of the runaway vehicle, and analogous life-and-death dilemmas (medical, judicial etc.) are posed, each containing the option to either do nothing, in which case several people will be killed, or intervene and sacrifice one initially "safe" person to save the others.
UNCONTROLLED THOUGHT TRAIN DRIVER
The series usually begins with a scenario in which a runaway tram or trolley is on course to collide with and kill a number of people (traditionally five) down the track, but a driver or bystander can intervene and divert the vehicle to kill just one person on a different track. The trolley problem is a series of thought experiments in ethics and psychology, involving stylized ethical dilemmas of whether to sacrifice one person to save a larger number. One of the dilemmas included in the trolley problem: should you pull the lever to divert the runaway trolley onto the side track? For the television episode of the same name, see The Trolley Problem (The Good Place).
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